Services Approach Insights Contact Work With Us

Real Estate Development Advisory

Turning constrained sites
into buildable,
fundable projects.

EDCG works with developers and municipalities to cut through zoning complexity, structure deals correctly, and move projects from concept to execution.

Zoning & land use strategy for constrained sites
Public incentive structuring: TIF, abatements, grants
Developer support & municipal growth advisory
Deal structuring and financial underwriting

No one-offs. Repeatable,
zoning-aligned models.

Who we
work with.
Developers

Mid-sized and emerging developers tackling sites with zoning constraints, entitlement complexity, or capital structure challenges.

Investors & Capital Partners

Equity and debt partners evaluating development opportunities who need rigorous underwriting and deal structure analysis.

Municipalities & EDCs

Cities and economic development corporations seeking to activate underutilized parcels and engage the right development partners.

Landowners

Owners of constrained or overlooked parcels looking to understand development potential and connect with the right capital or operators.

Services

What we do.

We operate at the strategy and structuring layer, above brokerage and above standard consulting. Every engagement is oriented toward one outcome: getting the right project built, financed, and executed.

01
Development Strategy & Advisory

We identify overlooked parcels with real potential and build a clear path from raw site to buildable project.

  • Site identification & feasibility
  • Highest and best use analysis
  • Zoning & code review
  • Entitlement navigation
  • Market positioning
02
Economic Development Consulting

We help cities and municipalities translate policy goals into actionable site strategies and connect with aligned developers.

  • Underutilized parcel activation
  • RFP/RFQ preparation
  • Developer engagement strategy
  • Comprehensive plan alignment
  • Economic impact positioning
03
Deal Structuring & Incentives

We design capital stacks and structure public incentives to align risk, return, and community value from the start.

  • TIF & abatement structuring
  • Grant identification & positioning
  • Equity & debt structuring
  • PUD planning & submission
  • Public-private partnership design
04
Financial Underwriting & Analysis

Rigorous financial modeling that gives developers, investors, and municipalities confidence before capital is committed.

  • Pro forma modeling
  • Sensitivity & scenario analysis
  • Risk assessment
  • Return optimization
  • Investment positioning

Our Approach

How we work.

Most development projects fail not because of bad vision, but because the structure wasn't right from the beginning. Zoning wasn't addressed early. The capital stack didn't account for public incentives. The municipality wasn't engaged as a partner.

EDCG gets ahead of those failure points. We think like developers because our goal is the same as yours: get a well-structured project across the finish line. We bridge the public and private sides of every deal, fluent in the language and incentives of both municipalities and capital partners.

We're not a one-and-done advisory shop. We're building toward direct development participation, equity ownership, and a platform that stays involved long after the consulting engagement ends.

01
Identify

We locate overlooked parcels with buildable potential that others pass on because the path forward isn't obvious.

02
Analyze

We stress-test every assumption: zoning, feasibility, capital structure, and incentives, before any commitment is made.

03
Structure

We design the deal: capital stack, incentive alignment, and partnership terms, so all stakeholders are positioned correctly from the start.

04
Navigate

We manage zoning approvals, city staff coordination, and permitting to keep the project moving through every checkpoint.

05
Execute

We coordinate architects, engineers, legal teams, and municipal contacts, keeping every workstream pointed toward the same outcome.

Insights

Perspectives on development,
zoning & markets.

Research and commentary from the EDCG team on land use strategy, public incentives, and the dynamics shaping development in constrained markets.

Incentive Strategy
TIF in 2025: Still the Most Underutilized Tool in Mid-Market Development
February 2025  ·  6 min read
Municipal Advisory
Why Most Cities Fail to Attract the Developers They Actually Want
January 2025  ·  5 min read
Deal Structuring
Highest and Best Use Is Not a Report — It's a Negotiation
December 2024  ·  5 min read

Contact

Let's talk
about your
project.

Bring us a constrained site, a stalled deal, or a growth corridor that isn't moving. We'll tell you honestly what we see.

Emailinfo@edcg.us
Response TimeWithin one business day
Based InDallas–Fort Worth, TX

Get in Touch

Tell us about
your project.

Service 01

Development Strategy
& Advisory

We identify overlooked parcels with real potential and build a clear, executable path from raw site to buildable, fundable project, working through every layer of complexity along the way.

Overview

Turning difficult sites into viable opportunities.

Most valuable development sites don't look valuable at first glance. They come with irregular geometry, overlapping zoning codes, unclear ownership histories, or entitlement processes that have stalled before. Other developers walk away. We look harder.

EDCG's development strategy practice is built around one question: what is the highest-value thing that can realistically be built here, and what does it take to get there? We answer that question with rigor, so that by the time capital is committed, the path is clear.

We work alongside developers, landowners, and municipalities from the earliest stage of site evaluation through entitlement and into execution, providing strategic oversight at every step.

What's Included

Core service areas.

Site Identification & Feasibility

We locate and evaluate parcels with overlooked development potential, analyzing physical constraints, ownership structure, market context, and financial viability before any commitment is made.

Highest and Best Use Analysis

We determine the most valuable and legally permissible use for a given site, grounded in zoning law, market demand, and financial return.

Zoning & Code Review

A thorough review of applicable zoning ordinances, overlay districts, use permissions, dimensional standards, and code requirements, translated into plain language with a clear action plan.

Entitlement Navigation

We manage the entitlement process from application through approval, coordinating with city planning staff, preparing submissions, and attending hearings.

Market Positioning

We establish how the project should be positioned relative to market supply, demand trends, and competitive assets, informing product type, pricing, and phasing strategy.

Project Planning & Coordination

We coordinate architects, engineers, legal counsel, and municipal contacts — keeping every workstream aligned and the project moving toward execution.

Our Process

How a development advisory engagement works.

01
Initial site review

We conduct a thorough assessment of the site: zoning, ownership, physical constraints, and preliminary market context, giving you an honest read on feasibility before any significant investment of time or capital.

02
Highest and best use determination

We analyze every permissible use scenario and model the financial implications of each. The result is a clear, data-backed recommendation on the best path forward for the site.

03
Entitlement strategy & execution

We build the entitlement strategy and manage every touchpoint with the municipality, from pre-application meetings to final approval. We know how to work with city staff, not around them.

04
Project coordination

Once the path is clear, we coordinate the full project team, keeping architects, engineers, legal, and municipal contacts aligned through to execution.

Who This Is For

Right for you if…

You're a developer, landowner, or investor who has a site with real potential but a complicated path forward. Maybe entitlements have stalled. Maybe the zoning doesn't obviously support what you want to build. Maybe you've been told "no" by a planning department and need someone who knows how to find a different answer.

We're also the right partner for municipalities that want to proactively activate underutilized parcels and need a strategic framework for evaluating sites and engaging the right development partners.

Other services.

Service 02

Economic Development
Consulting

We help cities and municipalities translate policy goals into actionable site strategies by identifying underutilized parcels, preparing developer engagement materials, and building frameworks that attract aligned investment.

Overview

Bridging the gap between policy and development.

Most cities have a list of sites they want to see developed. What they often lack is a clear, credible strategy for making it happen. RFPs get issued and receive no responses. Developers come to the table with projects that don't fit the community's goals. Parcels sit vacant for years while the political will to act erodes.

EDCG works on the municipal side of the equation, helping economic development teams, city planners, and EDCs move from vision to execution. We think like developers, which means we know how to present opportunities in a way that actually attracts them.

Our work spans the full municipal development cycle: identifying parcels with the best activation potential, preparing targeted developer engagement materials, structuring incentive frameworks, and aligning projects with comprehensive plans and sub-area goals.

What's Included

Core service areas.

Underutilized Parcel Activation

We identify parcels with genuine redevelopment potential, analyzing zoning, ownership, infrastructure, market demand, and political feasibility, and build a prioritized activation strategy.

RFP/RFQ Preparation

We prepare developer solicitation materials that attract the right respondents, clearly defining the opportunity, the community's goals, and the evaluation criteria.

Developer Engagement Strategy

We help municipalities proactively identify and engage developers that match the project profile, rather than waiting for the market to respond on its own timeline.

Comprehensive Plan Alignment

We ensure proposed development aligns with the city's adopted comprehensive plan, sub-area frameworks, and zoning policies, which reduces approval risk and community opposition.

Economic Impact Positioning

We prepare economic impact analyses and narratives that communicate the community benefit of a proposed project, in support of political approval and public buy-in.

Incentive Framework Design

We structure public incentive programs including TIF districts, tax abatements, grants, and fee waivers that make a project viable while protecting the community's long-term interests.

Our Process

How a municipal engagement works.

01
Site inventory & prioritization

We assess the city's portfolio of underutilized or targeted parcels and identify which have the highest activation potential given current market conditions, infrastructure capacity, and development appetite.

02
Development concept & feasibility

For priority sites, we develop realistic concept scenarios grounded in zoning and market context, and test their financial feasibility to determine what type of development is viable without excessive public subsidy.

03
Solicitation & developer engagement

We prepare targeted RFP/RFQ materials and run a developer outreach process designed to attract respondents who can actually deliver, not just respond to a public notice.

04
Incentive structuring & negotiation support

We advise on incentive design and provide negotiation support as the city works toward a development agreement, to make sure the public side of the deal is structured correctly.

Who This Is For

Right for you if…

You're a city, county, or economic development corporation that has sites you want developed and is struggling to attract the right private partners — or isn't sure how to structure the public side of the deal. You may have issued RFPs that generated weak responses, or have projects that stall at the developer engagement stage.

We're also a strong fit for communities that are proactively trying to shape their development pipeline — identifying the right sites, the right product types, and the right developers before an opportunity presents itself.

Other services.

Service 03

Deal Structuring
& Incentives

We design the capital stack and structure public incentive programs so that every stakeholder is positioned correctly from the start.

Overview

Structure is where most deals are won or lost.

A project with a compelling vision and strong market fundamentals can still fail if the deal isn't structured correctly. The wrong capital stack creates friction with investors. Leaving public incentives on the table means the project can't pencil. Misaligned risk allocation drives good partners away at the worst possible moment.

EDCG's deal structuring practice exists to prevent those failures. We design the financial and incentive architecture of development deals from the ground up, making sure the structure works for every party at the table before capital or community resources are committed.

We work on both sides of the public-private divide: helping developers identify and access public programs, and helping municipalities structure incentives that attract private investment without overexposing the community.

What's Included

Core service areas.

TIF & Abatement Structuring

We identify TIF district eligibility, model tax increment projections, and structure abatement programs that make a project viable while aligning with the municipality's long-term fiscal position.

Grant Identification & Positioning

We identify applicable federal, state, and local grant programs and prepare the project narrative and financial positioning needed to compete effectively for those funds.

Equity & Debt Structuring

We design the private capital stack, including equity contributions, debt sizing, preferred return structures, and waterfall provisions, to match the project's risk profile and investor expectations.

PUD Planning & Submission

We prepare Planned Unit Development applications that make a compelling case for flexible zoning treatment, coordinating the planning, design, and legal components into a cohesive submission.

Public-Private Partnership Design

We structure the terms of public-private development agreements, covering land disposition, development obligations, public improvements, community benefits, and risk allocation.

Incentive Negotiation Support

We advise and represent clients through incentive negotiations with municipalities, state agencies, and public entities to make sure the final terms reflect the project's actual economics.

Our Process

How a deal structuring engagement works.

01
Deal gap analysis

We start by identifying where the deal currently doesn't pencil: return on cost, equity yield, financing coverage, or public benefit gaps, and determine what structural changes or incentive sources could close them.

02
Incentive mapping

We identify every applicable public incentive program at the federal, state, and local level, model the impact of each on project economics, and prioritize the programs with the highest probability of approval.

03
Capital stack design

We structure the full capital stack, integrating public incentives, senior debt, mezzanine financing, and equity contributions, and test each structure against investor return requirements and project risk.

04
Negotiation & documentation

We support the negotiation of incentive agreements, partnership terms, and development agreements, so the final documentation reflects the agreed structure and protects the client's position.

Who This Is For

Right for you if…

You have a development project that is viable in concept but isn't penciling in its current form. You know there are public incentives available but aren't sure how to access them or how to structure the ask. Or you're entering a public-private partnership negotiation and want to make sure the deal structure is sound before you commit.

We're also the right partner for municipalities and EDCs that are structuring incentive programs and want to make sure the public side of the deal is designed to attract the right developers without leaving community value on the table.

Other services.

Service 04

Financial Underwriting
& Analysis

Rigorous financial modeling that gives developers, investors, and municipalities a clear picture of what a project is worth, what it will cost, and what has to be true for it to work.

Overview

Decisions made on real numbers, not optimistic ones.

Development projects live and die by their financial assumptions. Overstated rents, underestimated costs, ignored vacancy: any single bad assumption can turn a viable project into a money-losing one. And by the time those errors surface, capital has already been committed.

EDCG's financial analysis practice is the analytical backbone of everything we do. We build models that are honest, not promotional, testing every assumption against market reality and stress-testing the deal against scenarios that developers don't always want to think about.

Our underwriting work supports every stage of the development process: initial feasibility, investor presentations, incentive applications, lender underwriting, and ongoing project monitoring.

What's Included

Core service areas.

Pro Forma Modeling

We build detailed development pro formas that capture all sources of revenue, every cost category, and the full capital structure, presenting a clear picture of project economics from groundbreaking through stabilization.

Sensitivity & Scenario Analysis

We test the deal against a range of assumptions: rent growth, construction cost escalation, absorption pace, and interest rate movement, so decision-makers understand the full range of outcomes.

Risk Assessment

We identify the key risk factors in a project, including market, execution, entitlement, and financing risk, and quantify their potential impact on returns and feasibility.

Return Optimization

We analyze the deal structure and identify adjustments to phasing, product mix, financing terms, or incentive utilization that improve return on cost and equity yield.

Investment Positioning

We prepare investor-ready financial summaries and deal presentations that communicate project economics clearly and credibly, framed for the specific type of capital being pursued.

Lender & Incentive Support

We prepare financial documentation and narratives for construction lenders, equity investors, and public incentive applications, making sure the numbers are both accurate and positioned effectively.

Our Process

How a financial analysis engagement works.

01
Data collection & assumption setting

We gather and verify all relevant market data: comparable rents, recent sales, construction cost benchmarks, and financing terms, and establish a defensible set of base case assumptions before any modeling begins.

02
Pro forma build

We build a detailed, project-specific financial model covering development costs, revenue projections, operating expenses, debt service, and investor return calculations, structured to match the intended use of the analysis.

03
Sensitivity testing

We run the model across a range of scenarios, varying the key inputs that carry the most risk, and identify the specific conditions under which the project stops working.

04
Findings & recommendations

We translate the model output into a clear, actionable set of findings: what the deal looks like, where the risks are, what adjustments would improve the outcome, and whether the project is worth pursuing.

Who This Is For

Right for you if…

You're a developer, investor, or municipality that needs rigorous financial analysis of a development project — either to make a go/no-go decision, to prepare for capital raising, or to support an incentive application. You want a model that will hold up to scrutiny from lenders, equity partners, and public agencies.

We're also a strong fit for projects where previous analysis has produced optimistic numbers and you want an independent, honest read on whether the deal actually works.

Other services.

Zoning Strategy  ·  March 2025  ·  7 min read

The Sites Nobody Wants Are Often the
Ones Worth Fighting For

Constrained sites: odd lots, zoning mismatches, parcels stuck in entitlement limbo. They tend to get passed over. That's exactly where patient, structured advisory creates the most value.

There's a particular type of parcel that shows up in every market: the one that's been sitting for years. It has some obvious problem — a zoning designation that doesn't match market demand, an irregular shape that makes standard layouts impossible, a history of failed entitlement attempts, or an ownership situation that makes title work complicated. Brokers skip it. Developers drive past it. It stays on the city's problem list indefinitely.

These are often the most interesting sites in a market.

The reason they sit isn't usually that they're genuinely unviable. It's that the path forward requires a different kind of work than most developers want to do — detailed zoning analysis, creative entitlement strategy, patient engagement with city staff, and sometimes a willingness to propose something that doesn't fit neatly into the existing code. That's not work most development shops are set up to do well. It's exactly the work EDCG is built for.

Why constrained sites get passed over.

The development business runs on pattern recognition. Developers find a product type that works, identify sites that fit the pattern, and replicate. It's efficient, and for the right market conditions, it's profitable. The problem is that it creates a systematic bias against sites that don't immediately fit the pattern.

A site with a zoning mismatch looks like a problem. A site with an unusual shape looks like a design challenge. A site with a complicated entitlement history looks like risk. And for a developer optimizing for speed and certainty, all of those things are disqualifying — even if the underlying economics are compelling once the obstacles are addressed.

The result is a category of sites that are perpetually undervalued relative to their actual potential. They trade at distressed prices, sit on municipal problem lists, and accumulate carrying costs while the market moves around them. Until someone decides to do the work.

What "doing the work" actually means.

For a zoning-constrained site, doing the work starts with understanding exactly what the code allows — not just the base zoning, but overlays, variances, conditional uses, planned unit development pathways, and any applicable incentive programs. Most zoning codes are more flexible than they appear on the surface. The question is whether you know where to look and how to make a credible case for an alternative approach.

It also means building a real relationship with the planning department before you file anything. City staff know which proposals are serious and which ones aren't. They know which developers have a track record of following through and which ones are fishing for a variance they'll flip to someone else. Showing up with a well-prepared pre-application package, a realistic development program, and a genuine understanding of the community's planning goals changes the dynamic entirely.

The entitlement process is a negotiation. It's a conversation about what the city wants to see happen on a site and what a developer needs the project to look like in order to make it work. The developers who understand that tend to get better outcomes, faster, even on sites that seem impossible at first glance.

The DFW opportunity.

The Dallas–Fort Worth market is full of these sites. Rapid growth has left pockets of underutilized land scattered across mature submarkets. Zoning codes written for a different era of development haven't kept pace with changing demand. Municipalities that are eager for investment don't always know how to signal that to the development community in a way that generates real responses.

For developers and landowners willing to engage seriously with the complexity — and for cities willing to work collaboratively toward creative solutions — there is real value to be unlocked. The sites nobody wants are often the ones worth fighting for.

More insights.

Incentive Strategy  ·  February 2025  ·  6 min read

TIF in 2025: Still the Most
Underutilized Tool in
Mid-Market Development

Tax Increment Financing has been around for decades. Most mid-market developers still aren't using it effectively — or at all. Here's why that's a missed opportunity and how to fix it.

Tax Increment Financing (TIF) is one of the most powerful tools available for bridging the gap between what a development project costs and what a lender or equity partner will fund. It redirects the incremental property tax revenue generated by new development back into the project, typically through reimbursements for eligible infrastructure and public improvement costs. Done right, it can make a project that otherwise doesn't pencil work — without requiring a direct cash outlay from the municipality.

And yet, mid-market developers consistently leave it on the table. They assume TIF is only for large institutional deals. They assume the process is too complicated or too political. They assume the municipality won't be interested. More often than not, all three assumptions are wrong.

Why mid-market developers underutilize TIF.

The misconception that TIF is only for mega-projects comes from where it gets media attention — billion-dollar stadium deals, massive mixed-use redevelopments in major cities, the kind of projects that generate political controversy and newspaper headlines. That version of TIF is real, but it's not the whole story.

Municipalities across Texas and the broader Sun Belt are actively looking for ways to use TIF and similar incentive structures to catalyze development in neighborhoods and corridors that the market hasn't reached on its own. They're not waiting for a billion-dollar project. They're trying to make a $15M mixed-use deal work on a site that's been sitting for a decade.

The other misconception is that the process is too complicated to be worth the effort. It is complicated — but that complexity is manageable with the right advisory support. The key is knowing how to structure the ask, how to present the economic case, and how to negotiate terms that work for both the developer and the city.

What makes a good TIF candidate.

Not every project is a good TIF candidate, and not every municipality has the appetite or capacity to administer a TIF district. But the basic eligibility criteria are often met by projects that developers never think to evaluate for TIF.

The core question is whether the project is located in an area that qualifies as a reinvestment zone under state law — typically an area that is underdeveloped, deteriorating, or otherwise not generating the property tax revenue it could. In Texas, the threshold is relatively accessible, and many infill and urban redevelopment sites qualify without difficulty.

Beyond eligibility, the economic case has to hold up: the projected tax increment from the completed project needs to be sufficient to support the reimbursement obligations over the life of the TIF, and the project needs to demonstrate that it wouldn't happen — or wouldn't happen at the same scale or quality — without the public support. That "but for" analysis is the foundation of any serious TIF negotiation.

The right way to approach a TIF conversation.

The worst way to approach a TIF conversation with a municipality is to walk in and ask for money. The best way is to walk in with a clear picture of what the project will do for the community — jobs, tax base, neighborhood activation, housing supply — and a specific, defensible ask that's tied to identifiable public costs the development will generate or offset.

Cities are more receptive to TIF conversations than developers often expect, especially in the current environment where municipalities are actively trying to attract investment. The key is coming in prepared, with a credible financial model and a realistic understanding of what the city can and can't do.

More insights.

Municipal Advisory  ·  January 2025  ·  5 min read

Why Most Cities Fail to Attract
the Developers
They Actually Want

Municipalities that want private investment often make it harder than it needs to be. The problem usually isn't the incentives — it's the approach to developer engagement.

Most cities that struggle to attract development have the same diagnosis: they issue a broad RFP, wait for responses that don't come, and conclude that the market isn't interested. Then they do it again. The problem isn't the market. The problem is the way the opportunity is being presented — and to whom.

Developers are not a monolith. A regional multifamily developer operating in the $30–80M range has completely different site criteria, financing structures, and decision-making timelines than a national retail developer or an institutional mixed-use operator. Issuing a generic solicitation and hoping the right developer shows up is not a strategy. It's a lottery.

The RFP problem.

The standard municipal RFP process was designed for procurement — buying goods and services at competitive prices. It was not designed to attract private real estate investment, which involves a completely different set of motivations, risk tolerances, and decision criteria.

When a city issues an RFP for a development site, it's asking private developers to make a significant investment of time and resources — feasibility analysis, conceptual design, financial modeling — in exchange for the chance to win a competitive process that may or may not result in a deal. The best developers, who have more opportunities than they can pursue, often skip it entirely. The respondents are often developers who are desperate for deal flow, not the ones the city actually wants.

The alternative is targeted outreach: identifying the specific developers who are actively working in similar markets, have the right product experience, and have demonstrated the ability to execute — and approaching them directly with a well-prepared opportunity package that answers the questions they'll ask before they agree to spend time evaluating a site.

What developers actually need to see.

Before a credible developer will spend real time evaluating a municipal development opportunity, they need to know: that the site is actually buildable given current zoning and infrastructure; that the city is genuinely committed to getting a project done and has the political support to follow through; that there's a realistic incentive structure that addresses the project's financing gap; and that the community's goals for the site are compatible with a project that pencils financially.

Most municipal solicitations answer none of those questions clearly. They describe what the city wants without addressing what the developer needs. Flipping that orientation — leading with the developer's perspective before asking for anything — is the single biggest change most municipalities could make to improve their development outcomes.

More insights.

Deal Structuring  ·  December 2024  ·  5 min read

Highest and Best Use Is
Not a Report —
It's a Negotiation

The classic highest and best use analysis is treated as an objective exercise. In practice, it's one of the most consequential strategic decisions in a development project — and it deserves to be treated that way.

Highest and best use — HBU — is one of the foundational concepts in real estate valuation. It asks: what is the most productive use of a property, considering what is legally permissible, physically possible, financially feasible, and maximally productive? It's taught as a four-part test. It's presented in appraisal reports as a conclusion. And it's almost always more complicated than it looks.

The problem with treating HBU as a purely analytical exercise is that it assumes the inputs are fixed. Zoning is given. Permitted uses are given. The market is given. The analysis simply finds the best answer within those constraints. But in practice, the constraints are often negotiable — and the developer or landowner who understands that has a significant advantage over one who doesn't.

The inputs are not fixed.

Zoning can be changed. Not easily, and not always, but often more readily than developers assume — especially when a proposed project aligns with a municipality's comprehensive plan goals, addresses a demonstrated market need, and comes with a credible development team and realistic financial projections. A site that is currently zoned for a use that doesn't reflect market demand may be rezoned through a variance, a conditional use permit, a PUD, or an outright rezoning request.

The same is true for density. Height limits, setback requirements, parking minimums, and lot coverage restrictions are often adjustable through the entitlement process — particularly in jurisdictions that are actively trying to encourage infill development or increase housing supply. The developer who accepts the current standards as fixed and designs around them will consistently build less valuable projects than the developer who engages with the planning process to establish what's actually possible.

HBU as strategic positioning.

Framed this way, the highest and best use determination becomes a strategic question, not just an analytical one. The right question isn't "what is the best use under current zoning?" It's "what is the best use we can get approved, and what does it take to get there?"

Answering that question well requires understanding the municipality's goals for the area, the community's concerns about new development, the specific flexibility available in the zoning code, and the political dynamics around land use decisions in that jurisdiction. It requires a realistic assessment of what a planning commission or city council will approve, not just what the applicant would prefer to build.

It also requires financial modeling that tests multiple scenarios — not just the base case under current zoning, but the financial implications of different use mixes, densities, and development programs. Sometimes the highest value use under current zoning is also the right answer. Often it isn't. And the only way to know is to do the work.

More insights.